Fred Shuttlesworth, the last of the “Big Three” of the civil rights movement with Ralph Abernathy and Martin Luther King Jr., died Oct. 5. He was 89.
Shuttlesworth was the least well known of the co-founders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, but few advanced its agenda of nonviolent resistance at greater risk. By his own count he was bombed twice, beaten into unconsciousness and jailed more than 35 times.
“Fred Shuttlesworth did not become a martyr, and it was not for lack of trying,” biographer Andrew Manis said in The Birmingham News.
Manis, a professor at Macon State College, first met Shuttlesworth in 1978. At the time a student at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Manis arranged to have Shuttlesworth speak at the seminary in Louisville, Ky., the first time many of the predominantly white ministerial students had ever heard of him.
Manis, who went on to earn his doctorate at Southern, interviewed Shuttlesworth and wrote the acclaimed biography, “A Fire You Can’t Put Out: The Civil Rights Life of Birmingham’s Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth.”
Born March 18, 1922, in Montgomery County, Shuttlesworth moved to Birmingham at age 3.
He studied for the ministry at Selma University and by 1949 was preaching at Selma’s First Baptist Church for $10 a week.
In 1953 he became pastor of Bethel Baptist Church, Birmingham. He became an activist in the city, calling for the hiring of African-American police officers and joining voter registration efforts of the NAACP.
He became known as chief nemesis of Bull Connor, Birmingham’s police chief whose use of dogs and fire hoses on the Freedom Riders in 1962 helped build support for the civil rights movement and inspired similar campaigns.
President Obama, who once pushed Shuttlesworth’s wheelchair across the Edmund Pettus Bridge near Selma to commemorate a march for voter rights in 1965, voiced sadness at news of his death.
“As one of the founders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Reverend Shuttlesworth dedicated his life to advancing the cause of justice for all Americans,” Obama said. “He was a testament to the strength of the human spirit. And today we stand on his shoulders, and the shoulders of all those who marched and sat and lifted their voices to help perfect our union.” (ABP)
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